|
Grazia Deledda ((:ˈɡrattsja deˈlɛdda); 27 September 1871 – 15 August 1936) was an Italian writer who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1926 "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island (Sardinia ) and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general".〔(Grazia Deledda (Italian author) ). britannica.com〕 She was the first Italian woman to receive this honor. ==Biography== Born in Nuoro, Sardinia, into a middle-class family, she attended elementary school and then was educated by a private tutor (a guest of one of her relatives) and moved on to study literature on her own. She started writing at a very young age, inspired by the Sardinian peasants and their struggles. The first novel she wrote and published was ''Fiori di Sardegna'' (Flowers of Sardinia). This novel was published in 1892. She first published some pieces in the fashion magazine ''L'ultima moda'' when it still published works in prose and poetry. ''Nell'azzurro'', published by Trevisani in 1890, might be considered her first work. Her family was not supportive of her desire to write, as it went against the social norms of the patriarchal system.〔Amoia, Alba Della Fazia. 20th-century Italian Women Writers: The Feminine Experience. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1996. Print.〕 Possibly due to this, she published a novel, Stella d’Oriente, under the pseudonym Ilia di Saint-Ismael.〔 Her works seemed to focus on portraying harsh realities and difficult lifestyles, combining imaginary and autobiographical elements. Her novels tend to criticize social values and moral norms rather than the people who are victims of such circumstances. Still between prose and poetry are, among the first works, ''Paesaggi sardi'', published by Speirani in 1896. In 1900, after having married Palmiro Madesani, a functionary of the Ministry of War whom she met in Cagliari in October 1899, the writer moved to Rome and after the publication of ''Anime oneste'' in 1895 and of ''Il vecchio della montagna'' in 1900, plus the collaboration with magazines ''La Sardegna'', ''Piccola rivista'' and ''Nuova Antologia'', her work began to gain critical interest. She had two sons and lived a quiet life occupied by her writing.〔Migiel, Marilyn. "Grazia Deledda." Italian Women Writers: A Bio-bibliographical Sourcebook. By Rinaldina Russell. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1994. 111-117. Print.〕 She was a very prolific writer publishing, on average, a novel a year.〔 In 1903 she published her first real success, ''Elias Portolu'' that confirmed her as a writer and started her work as a successful writer of novels and theatrical works:'' Cenere'' (1904), ''L'edera'' (1908), ''Sino al confine'' (1911), ''Colombi e sparvieri'' (1912), ''Canne al vento'' (1913) -her most well known book in Italy-, ''L'incendio nell'oliveto'' (1918), ''Il Dio dei venti'' (1922). ''Cenere'' was the inspiration for a silent movie with the famous Italian actress Eleonora Duse. It was the only time Duse appeared in film. Deledda received the Nobel Prize in 1926 in Literature. Her response in winning the prize was Già! (Look at that!) Deledda was very protective of her daily writing routine. Her schedule was exactly the same seven days a week: a late breakfast, a few hours of reading, lunch followed by a nap and then, clearly, ending the day with a few hours of writing. Deledda happened to receive the Nobel Prize almost exactly a year after Benito Mussolini dropped the charade of constitutional rule of the favor of Fascism. Mussolini himself wished to give Grazia a portrait of himself, and he signed it with “profound admiration.” With this string of fame, came a slew of journalists and notable photographers whom she allowed into her home to learn more about her. Her beloved pet crow, Checcha was irritated by all the commotion with people coming in and out. “If Checcha has had enough, so have I,” Deledda was quoted as saying. Deledda continued to write even as she grew older and weaker. "La Casa del Poeta" and "Sole d'Estate" are two of the collections of short stories she wrote during this time. She showcased her optimistic view of life even as she suffered from painful illnesses. She believed that life was beautiful and serene, unaltered by personal suffering; man and nature are reconciled in order to overcome physical and spiritual hardships. Her later works show how mankind and faith in God are beautiful things. She died in Rome at the age of 64 of breast cancer. ''La chiesa della solitudine'' (1936), Deledda's last novel, is a semi-autobiographical depiction of a young Italian woman coming to terms with her breast cancer. A completed manuscript of the novel "Cosima" (1937) was discovered after her death and published posthumously.〔 Her work has been highly regarded by Luigi Capuana and Giovanni Verga plus some younger writers such as Enrico Thovez, Pietro Pancrazi, Renato Serra, and later until today by Sardinian writers such as Sergio Atzeni, Giulio Angioni, Salvatore Mannuzzu, starters of the so-called Sardinian Literary Spring. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grazia Deledda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|